The choice of flange size, and more recently, its shape, has long been presented as a central determinant of pumping comfort and efficiency. Yet, the evidence base underpinning current clinical recommendations remains surprisingly limited.

In recent years, breastfeeding support has become increasingly widespread. On social media, we see a proliferation of "pumping coaches", "perinatal support workers", "pumping experts", "breastfeeding facilitators", and even "lactation consultants" without IBCLC certification.